Criterion (i): The Great Wall of Gorgan posed exceptional engineering challenges. Le contenu de chaque Liste indicative relève de la responsabilité exclusive de l'État partie concerné. This required a supplier canal system of extraordinary scale and sophistication (see introduction), not to mention one brick kiln every 37-86 m, maybe 3,000-7,000 in total. It is over a thousand years earlier than the stone and brick-built Great Wall of China (i,ii,iii,iv,vi); its contemporary and earlier Chinese counterparts were essentially earthworks, even if, of course, of impressive sophistication too, in terms, for example, of boosting an advanced signalling system. The Great Wall of Gorgan and its associated earthwork, forts, brick kilns and canals still survive in part on an impressive scale. This defensive wall dates to the Sassanian period, and is believed to have been manned by Sassanian troops up to at least the first half of the 7th century AD. S'identifier ≡ La muraille de Gorgan, surnommée le Serpent rouge, est un système de défense de l'époque sassanide situé près de Gorgan, dans la province du Golestān, dans le nord-est de l'Iran, au sud-est de la mer Caspienne. the 5th or 6th century). The route of the Gorgan Wall and the associated canal had to follow a natural gradient, evidence for remarkable skills in hydraulic engineering by its creators. Much better preserved are those elements of the defensive system built of soil or mud-brick. The Great Wall of Gorgan posed exceptional engineering challenges. While preservation varies from place to place and tends to be better in the east than in the west, the Wall is still recognisable as a distinct landscape feature for most of its course. Contact; Help; Personal tools. The publication of the Tentative Lists does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the World Heritage Centre or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries. The Great Wall of Gorgan, Golestan Province, in northern Iran was built from 420s AD to 530s AD; it is then occupied until the 7th century. Excavations in Fort 4 have demonstrated that the original mud-brick walls of these, probably two-storey-high, buildings survive to a height of more than three metres. It is the longest fort-lined ancient barrier between Central Europe and China, it is longer than Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall put together. One of the integral forts spaced along the wall. | Skip to navigation. This wall together with its monumental ensembles and other architecturally associated spaces has presented a significant combination with defensive importance. At 195 km long, the wall is second only to the Great Wall of China as the longest defensive wall in existence, but until recently, nobody knew who had built it. Advanced Search… Photos Loading.... 0 other related photos... Use this tag in Flickr to mark depictions of this place's site(s): pleiades:depicts=963101064. Tentative World Heritage Site (The Great Wall of Gorgan, masterpiece of human creative genius, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design, unique to a cultural tradition, object illustrates significant stage in human history, traditional human settlement or land-use, 2017–) The Gorgan Plain with its defensive monuments of the Sassanid era(5th-7th centuries) constitute the greatest cluster of military monuments known from anywhere within the Sassanid Empire, contemporary to a large-scale urban foundation, provides a microcosm of one of the ancient world’s largest states. The Great Wall of Gorgan stretches for almost 200 km and is lined by 38 forts. In one of them, rectangular enclosures in neat double rows have been found, the remnants of a tent city, probably of a mobile field army. An international team of archaeologists has been at work on the snakelike monument and here they report on their findings. They help to explain its geographic extent, from Mesopotamia to the west of the Indian Subcontinent, and how effective border defence contributed to the Empire’s prosperity in the interior and to its longevity. © UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2020 United Nations, Post-Conflict and Post-Disaster Responses, Astronomy and World Heritage Thematic Initiative, Human Evolution: Adaptations, Dispersals and Social Developments (HEADS), Initiative on Heritage of Astronomy, Science and Technology, Initiative on Heritage of Religious Interest, Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Reducing Disasters Risks at World Heritage Properties, World Heritage and Sustainable Development, World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Programme, World Heritage Centre’s Natural Heritage Strategy, World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme (WHEAP). This wall is known as ‘The Great Wall of Gorgan’ or ‘the Red Snake’. Both walls employed large fired bricks of similar shape and size, both are lined by an earth bank and ditch (supplied with water by canals) and by batteries of virtually identical brick kilns, both are protected by similar forts and both run from the Alborz Mountains to the Caspian Sea. Criterion (iv): The Great Wall of Gorgan and contemporary defensive monuments in the Gorgan Plain are of great interest also in shedding light on the particular period of history when they were built and occupied (5th-7th centuries AD). 123 689 membres. The Great Wall is an almost 200 km long complex and sophisticated defensive system. May 24, 2016 - This Pin was discovered by Sa Sa 2. Home; Places; Credits; Participate; Blog; Documentation; Downloads; Search . The Sassanid military barriers and fortifications in the Gorgan Plain provide evidence how effective defence, or the lack of it, could contribute to security and prosperity of empires, to their fall or survival. 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Criterion (iii): The Great Wall of Gorgan  and its associated fortifications of the Late Sassanid era (5th-7th centuries) constitute the greatest cluster of military monuments known from anywhere within the Sassanid Empire. More Contacts Site Map Become a member Donate Now! The Tammisheh Wall, and probably the Great Wall of Gorgan, extended into territory now submerged in the Caspian Sea, due to a rise of its water-level, they shed unique light on human interaction with the environment, the world’s largest inland Sea and the steppes of Eurasia. Whilst much of the brick wall itself has been robbed, some sections survive to up to 1.50 m height, whilst in others only the bottom courses remain. There was no stone or timber in the steppe, and in order to build a massive defensive barrier, resistant to winter rain, an estimated 200 million fired bricks, each weighing c. 20 kg, had to be produced. The Gorgan Wall and its associated ancient military monuments provide a unique testimony to the engineering skills and military organization of the Sassanian Empire. Home; Places; Credits; Participate; Blog; Documentation; Downloads; Search . Great wall of Gorgan with the names of "Red wall" or "Red Snake" is one of the most obvious Iranian architectural monuments, the third long wall of the world after the Great Walls of China and Germany. Both walls employed large fired bricks of similar shape and size, both are lined by an earth bank and ditch (supplied with water by canals) and by batteries of virtually identical brick kilns, both are protected by similar forts and both run from the Alborz Mountains to the Caspian Sea. Criterion (iv): The Great Wall of Gorgan and contemporary defensive monuments in the Gorgan Plain are of great interest also in shedding light on the particular period of history when they were built and occupied (5th-7th centuries AD). the 5th or 6th century). Whether or not they were parts of a single barrier, the Gorgan and Tammisheh Walls and their associated forts certainly formed part of the same defensive system. Les noms des biens figurent dans la langue dans laquelle les États parties les ont soumis. The Great Wall of Gorgan is a series of ancient defensive fortifications located near Gorgan in the Golestān Province of northeastern Iran, at the southeastern part of the Caspian Sea. Whether or not they were parts of a single barrier, the Gorgan and Tammisheh Walls and their associated forts certainly formed part of the same defensive system. The Great Wall of Gorgan is the longest fort-lined ancient barrier between Central Europe and China, it is longer than Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall put together. Il s'agit de l'une des nombreuses portes de la Caspienne situées à l'est d'une région connue pendant l'Antiquité sous le nom d'Hyrcania, sur la route reliant les steppes du nord au centre iranien. The Great Wall of Gorgan is one of the most elaborate defensive barriers ever erected and arguably the most sophisticated of its time (i.e. Écoutez ce livre audio gratuitement avec l'offre d'essai. The Great Wall of Gorgan and the Wall of Tammishe ». At the present point in time some of the monuments in questions still retain much of their original building materials, anyhow it is our aim to ensure much better protection of the authentic elements of this unique heritage. The ‘Red Snake’ in northern Iran, which owes its name to the red colour of its bricks, is at least 195km long. The Great Wall of Gorgan, Golestan Province, in northern Iran was built from 420s AD to 530s AD; it is then occupied until the 7th century. At the same time, the Sassanid Empire also had the resources to create in the hinterland of the Wall a large city, Dasht Qal’eh, of 3 km2 interior size and with monumental architecture, notably brick pillar avenues. MyChannel2016 Published August 25, 2016 2,389 Views The Great Wall of Gorgan and its associated earthwork, forts, brick kilns and canals still survive in part on an impressive scale. The system is remarkable not only in terms of its physical scale, but even more so in terms of its technical sophistication. While it is shorter than the "Limes" in Germany, two thirds of which are protected by a rampart rather than a wall, the Gorgan Wall forms a more formidable obstacle. The Great Wall of Gorgan, also called the “The Red Snake” or “Alexander’s Barrier” is the second-longest defensive wall (after the Great Wall of China), which ran for 121 miles from a narrowing between the Caspian Sea north of Gonbade Kavous (ancient Gorgan, or Jorjan in Arabic) and the Pishkamar mountains of north-eastern Iran. The system is remarkable not only in terms of its physical scale, but even more so in terms of its technical sophistication. The Great Wall of Gorgan, le livre audio de Charles River Editors à télécharger. Great Wall of Gorgan is part of WikiProject Central Asia, a project to improve all Central Asia-related articles. These figures do not take into account that a substantial section in the west appears to be buried under marine sediments of the Caspian Sea. The sole responsibility for the content of each Tentative List lies with the State Party concerned. This wall together with its monumental ensembles and other architecturally associated spaces has presented a significant combination with defensive importance. The Great Wall of Gorgan was a Sassanian-era (224 to 651 CE) defense system located near modern Gorgan in the Golestan Province of northeastern Iran, at the southeastern corner of the Caspian Sea. The ancient defensive barriers in the Gorgan Plain testify to a period which saw an important stage in the history of region regarding knowledge and technology transfer which associated to the safety of the region along trade routes, as well as remarkable developments, in terms of regional-planning, landscape design and technology. In one of them, rectangular enclosures in neat double rows have been found, the remnants of a tent city, probably of a mobile field army. The Great Wall of Gorgon is an incredible and sophisticated defensive construction located in north-eastern Iran; it has around 30 military forts, an aqueduct, and water channels that go along the route. Being at the mid-point between the Roman and Chinese barriers, the evolution of large-scale linear defensive systems cannot be understood without taking the Great Wall of Gorgan into account. Criterion (v): The Tammisheh Wall, and probably the Great Wall of Gorgan, extended into territory now submerged in the Caspian Sea, due to a rise of its water-level. Thus, due to its interaction with upper mentioned civilizations and cultures and its strategic location, carries important contents from the past. The Great Wall is an almost 200 km long complex and sophisticated defensive system. Discover (and save!) This decisive period of history saw the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the eventual emergence of the Caliphate, expanding at the expense of the Sassanid and Eastern Roman Empires. The Great Wall of Gorgan was used much longer than the better known Roman walls to keep enemies at bay. The Great Wall of Gorgan stretches for almost 200 km and is lined by 38 forts. Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall. The canals, of course, as well as pits within the forts are still largely preserved, though canal banks have also has some damages. The Gorgan Plain with its defensive monuments of the Sassanid era, contemporary to a large-scale urban foundation, provides a microcosm of one of the ancient world’s largest states. The combined area of the forts on the Gorgan Wall exceeds that of those on Hadrian’s Wall about threefold. Publications Revue du Patrimoine mondial Séries Manuels de référence Carte murale Plus de publications ... Fonds Fonds du patrimoine mondial Assistance internationale, More Contacts Plan du site Devenir membre Donnez maintenant, © UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial 1992-2020 This decisive period of history saw the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the eventual emergence of the Caliphate, expanding at the expense of the Sassanid and Eastern Roman Empires. At the present point in time some of the monuments in questions still retain much of their original building materials, anyhow it is our aim to ensure much better protection of the authentic elements of this unique heritage. Visitors still can appreciate here its position and how the Wall takes advantage of the natural topography; it normally occupies high ground, to facilitate surveillance and defence. The Great Wall of Gorgan: The History of the Ancient Near East’s Longest Defensive Wall: Charles River Editors, Colin Fluxman, Charles River Editors: Amazon.fr: Livres Navigation. This required a supplier canal system of extraordinary scale and sophistication (see introduction), not to mention one brick kiln every 37-86 m, maybe 3,000-7,000 in total. It is the longest fort-lined ancient barrier between Central Europe and China, it is longer than Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall put together. The Great Wall of Gorgan is a Sasanian-era defense system located near modern Gorgan in the Golestān Province of northeastern Iran, at the southeastern corner of the Caspian Sea. The wall is believed to have protected the Sassanian Empire against military threats in … Criterion (ii):  The Great Wall of Gorgan, and the associated extensive military infrastructure in its hinterland, is of a larger scale than any known purpose-built military monument of earlier times in the Near East. Iran, 44, 2006, pp. Le mur relie cet espace maritime aux montagnes du nord-est de l'Iran. Together with canals and associated settlement in the steppe north of the Gorgan Wall of an earlier period (c. 8th-5th centuries BC), they shed unique light on human interaction with the environment, the world’s largest inland Sea and the steppes of Eurasia. The route of the Gorgan Wall and the associated canal had to follow a natural gradient, evidence for remarkable skills in hydraulic engineering by its creators. Like the frontiers of the Roman Empire and the Great Wall of China it deserves World Heritage status. The ancient defensive barriers in the Gorgan Plain testify to a period which saw an important stage in the history of region regarding knowledge and technology transfer which associated to the safety of the region along trade routes, as well as remarkable developments, in terms of regional-planning, landscape design and technology. The brick wall is lined by 38 forts, a canal, fed by a complex system of supplier canals, as well as a large number of brick kilns, in part preserved to the present day, not to mention fortresses and a large city in its hinterland. This decisive period of history saw the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the eventual emergence of the Caliphate, expanding at the expense of the Sassanid and Eastern Roman Empires. These monuments are, in terms of their scale, historical importance and sophistication, of global significance. The Great Wall of Gorgan is the longest fort-lined ancient barrier between Central Europe and China, it is longer than Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall put together. This was the time when the Persian Empire, under the Sassanian dynasty, was involved in a series of wars at its northern frontier, first against the Hephthalites or White Huns and later against the Turks. The Sassanid military barriers and fortifications in the Gorgan Plain provide evidence how effective defence, or the lack of it, could contribute to security and prosperity of empires, to their fall or survival. It rivals or surpasses its grandest Roman counterparts in dimensions and complexity. These monuments are, in terms of their scale, historical importance and sophistication, of global significance. The structure is yet another testament to Sassanian engineering capabilities. UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial. This wall relates to the late of Sassanid era which has been constructed to prevent from invading … Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall. 121-173. 37°04′13″N 54°04′36″E  /  37.070382°N 54.076552°E  / . The Great Wall of Gorgan is one of the most elaborate defensive barriers ever erected and arguably the most sophisticated of its time (i.e. The Sassanid military barriers and fortifications in the Gorgan Plain provide evidence how effective defence, or the lack of it, could contribute to security and prosperity of empires. In terms of scale and sophistication, the Great Wall of Gorgan is unmatched anywhere in western Asia, Eastern Europe, Africa or America. Criterion (v): The Tammisheh Wall, and probably the Great Wall of Gorgan, extended into territory now submerged in the Caspian Sea, due to a rise of its water-level. Further evidence for a high level of organization of the Sassanian armed forces is provided by hinterland campaign bases, each of ca. One of the integral forts spaced along the wall. 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