Plants should be thinned to 24-36 inches apart with rows 30 to 36 inches apart. Hidcote (L. angustifolia), Munstead (L. angustifolia), and Superblue (L. angustifolia) are also well-known varieties and often good choices for North Carolina. This is NOT the way to efficiently prune lavender! Lavandins produce large, long stemmed flowers which are slightly gray in color while English lavender (Lavendula angustifolia) varieties produce shorter-stemmed flowers with a blue color when dried. Herb garden favorites around the world. Updated by J.M. The 2-lipped corolla is a bluish-violet color. DeBaggio, T., 1989. Any individual interested in lavender production needs to understand the complicated taxonomy of Lavendula species before attempting to choose a cultivar. They are usually shorter than the calyces. Removed plants are divided into approximately 3 plants each and replanted in new rows. The English Physitian: or an astrologo-physical discourse of the vulgar herbs of this nation. Set the cutting aside while you prepare the container. Culpeper (1652) in his book, The English Physitian, wrote for his description of lavender simply, “This is so well known, being an Inhabitant in almost every Garden, that it needeth no Description.”. The leaves are opposite, sessile, entire, blunt and linear or lance-shaped. 14(6):77-85. Lavender propagation through cutting involves taking a cutting of a stem and planting it as a seedling. Once rooted, cut the new plants from the mother plants and transfer to individual pots. Lavender can grow in abundance under the right conditions, and taking cuttings can be an ideal way to spread more lavender around your garden. In addition, because most lavender varieties are clones, vegetative propagation (cuttings, layerings, and division of roots) is highly recommended to retain desirable traits. Lavender propagation by Lavender cuttings is easy to do if you have a large Lavender already growing in your garden. Adam, K. Lavender as an alternative crop. 47(3):223-235. According to Tom DeBaggio, it self sows so prolifically that it can be treated as an annual. The positive influence of foliar applications of sulfur (1%) and phosphorus (1%) on the yields, volatile oil and minerals of lavender was studied during 2 successive seasons in Egypt. June 1998. www.attra.org/pub.html. The cultivars of Lavender and Lavandin (Labiatae). Agriculture Handbook No. Based in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, we reach millions of When regenerants were planted in fields, quality characteristics, including essential oil concentrations, were similar to parent plants. The name “lavender” comes from the Latin verb lavare “to wash” or “to bathe.” There are approximately 20 species of lavender with hundreds of various genotypes differentiated by variations ranging from growth form to chemical composition of essential oil. Commercial lavender plantations are usually established by planting in single rows spaced appropriately to allow tractor access. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. This species grows in Spain and warm temperate regions. It is characterized by its irregularly shaped, toothed leaves and unusual gray-green foliage. Propagating lavender from cuttings is an easy and fun way to get more. Learn More About NC State Extension, We have several topic based e-mail newsletters that are sent out periodically when we have new information to share. Mana Kai Rangahou, New Zealand. Dark-flowered cultivars are less resistant to disease than the pale-flowered varieties. L. stoechas oil is high in camphor (24-72 %), borneol, cineole, fenchone, (up to 34%), linalool acetate, and others. He suggests taking 4″ cuttings from disease free plant material in spring when buds are beginning to form. Hardwood is thicker than softwood and resists bending. Baileya 22(4):168-77. 1987. Cover with plastic to form a greenhouse-like environment for the cuttings. The Business of Herbs. According to Jim Duke, (retired botanist, USDA) annual rainfall can range from 12-54 inches per year for lavender cultivation (Foster, 1993). Lavender essential oil. English lavender varieties are more susceptible to vascular wilts than lavandin varieties. As plants die they are removed and replaced with healthy stock. www.med.yale.edu/library/historical/culpeper/culpeper.htm. Use a sharp knife to take a hardwood or softwood cutting measuring 3 to 4 inches long. Linalol is a terpene alcohol that is non-toxic to humans, yet naturally antimicrobial. The results indicated that flaming with this machine significantly reduced weeds but that the lavender plants were susceptible to damage if sufficient care was not taken (Martini, 1996). 1991. Horticulture technical note. Cut hardwood stems just below a bump that indicates a leaf node. 1999 was dubbed the “Year of Lavender”; as a result there was an increased demand for information and literature concerning all aspects associated with lavender production. Thomas DeBaggio of DeBaggio Herbs in Arlington, VA, has reported that lavenders develop optimally with 33 inches of annual rainfall. It can reach 3 feet in height and spread. It can reach 5 feet in height and 4 feet in spread with indented or scalloped leaves and very large violet-purple flower heads. Kowalchik, C., and Hylton, W., Eds. propagation in a specific agricultural production context. non-chemical method to store potatoes and at the same time prevent microbial attack (Vokou, 1993). L. latifolia oil has alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, sabinene, betamyrcene, 1,8-cineole (up to 33%), beta-cymene, linaloyl oxide, camphor (~5%), and linalool (up to 25%), among other constituents. Today on Wisconsin Wonder Garden you will learn how to take cuttings from your Lavender and more importantly HOW TO GET THEM TO GROW! Of these the principal is linalyl acetate and the second in linalyl butyrate. DeBaggio recommends fertilizing every three weeks during the first year of growth and irrigating once a week during dry periods. Feed the plant with one-quarter strength liquid plant fertilizer once a week. Read on to learn more. The Herb Companion. In all my experience as a commercial gardener I haven’t seen lavender spread in this way, so it is not something you should worry about in your garden. Uses for Lavender Lavender has a lot of uses around the home including potpourri, cut flowers, dried sachets, soap, scented satchels and pillows, essential oils, and even in the kitchen. Leaflike bracts are in an opposite arrangement below each whorl. If damaged plants are present, remove and destroy any infected plant material and avoid replanting with susceptible varieties. All lavender plants require well-draining soil and benefit from the addition of grit. Tissue culture regenerants can produce disease-free, genetically identical plants from parent plants exhibiting desirable traits. Harvested lavender has many uses; you can make fresh or dried arrangements or wreaths, or process it to use in soaps, candles, and cosmetics. In mid-April, DeBaggio prunes field-grown established plants heavily by removing 1/3 to 1/2 of the stem length all over the plant. Essential oils are accumulated in the flowers and flower stalks. Lavender Production, Products, Markets, and Entertainment Farms This publication is intended for a beginning lavender grower with some horticultural experience. L. angustifolia, L. x intermedia, L. latifolia, and L. stoeches all contain the antioxidant rosmarinic acid (Foster, 1993). She was director of the Germplasm Repository at the NC Arboretum for many years and is now a private consultant on native botanicals. If not, then you will need to find or befriend someone willing to share cuttings from their plant. Propagation by seed is slow (six months to transplant size) and germination rates are low and sporadic. The same thing that connects it to every corner of North Carolina: NC State Extension. Current research from the Netherlands has proven that essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia suppress sprouting in potato tubers and are also antimicrobial. 13(9):105-111. A collection of lavenders, Part 2. Pythium – root rot 10(1)35-42. The most common disease problem with lavender is wilt. Lavender is harvested mechanically in foreign countries using specially designed machinery for essential oil purposes although it is harvested by hand for cut flower production. Gibbs Smith Publisher, Utah. Press the stem into the indention and cover the bare section with moist soil or a sphagnum moss and perlite combination. propagation by seed is not recommended for commercial lavender production. Regardless of the type of cutting, you should always cut healthy, straight, vigorous stems for rooting. 24(1):7-17. If seed… The calyx is tubular and ribbed, with thirteen veins, purple-gray in color, five-toothed and hairy with shiny oil glands among the hairs visible with a hand lens. Tucker, A., and DeBaggio, T. 1984. Flowers for oil production are harvested when at about 50% blooming. The flowers themselves are very shortly stalked, three to five together in the axils of rhomboidal, brown, thin, dry bracts. ... Propagation The best time to take cuttings from lavender plants is right after they have ... Royal Velvet 24-36" 24" 5 Dk. McGimpsey, J. French lavender or Fringed lavender (Lavendula dentata) grows up to three feet in height. Studies on the reconstruction of lavender plantings to wide row spacing in regard to mechanized cultivation and harvest Rastenievud. 165. p.235. Allow the soil to dry well between irrigations and do not over-irrigate. Tsachev, S., Zlatev, S., Neshev, M. 1976. Cultivars with dark flowers include Twickle Purple, Dwarf Blue, Hidcote, Royal Purple, Loddon Blue, Middachten Nana Atropurperea, Mitcham Cray, Munstead, and Summerland Supreme. He recommends a mix of one part coarse perlite to one part sterilized, baked clay frit (cat litter). It was also believed that a sprinkle of lavender water on the head of a loved one would keep the wearer chaste. For commercial production it is strongly recommended to set up trial areas of approximately 200 plants each with selected cultivars to determine quality and yields before planting on a large scale. Plants grown from seed are variable in growth habit, color, and essential oil composition and are unsuitable for commercial harvesting. Its unique attributes include that it germinates quickly (14-28 days; 78% germination), it comes true from seed, and blooms the first year (south- 3 months; north- 5-6 months). (Buchbauer et al. The best type of cutting to use depends on the type of lavender and the time of year. In contrast, Dr. Art Tucker, of the University of Delaware, advises taking cuttings in the fall before the first freeze (August-Nov.) when stems are semi-hardened. Growing dozens of lavender plants in the backyard of the house can make an individual earn a high profit. Cuttings are placed in a soil medium composed of one part perlite and one part peat moss (11x21x2 1/2-inch plastic flats which hold 100-300 cuttings). CUTTINGS. Learning how to propagate is a fun and important skill for a lavender grower to learn, so we wanted to share our process with you. Cuttings are then planted in 2.5 inch pots, pinched, and produce marketable plants in 6-8 weeks. However, you may go for fresh selling or value-added products. Lavender is 70-80% water and takes 7 to 14 days to dry. In ancient Egypt it was used as a perfume and as an essential ingredient for incense. Pile up 2-3 inches of bark under the stem section and make a shallow depression in the top of the pile. It is widely cultivated for nursery production and also grown commercially as a source of essential oil. Foster, S. 1984. Plants grown from seed are variable in growth habit, color, and essential oil composition and are unsuitable for commercial harvesting. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture 23(2):167-178. There are two esters in the oil which are the primary source for the odor of lavender. Its excellent fragrance and concentrations of essential oil make it suitable for commercial harvest. Garden herbs as hosts for Southern Root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita ­ (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, race 3 ]. This produces a safe. Rasteniev dni-Nauki. A defoliating moth larva has been reported in Australia. Commercial lavandin oil- and flower- producing cultivars include, Grosso, Abrialii, Super, Standard, Maime Epis. The Greek naturalist, Dioscorides, praised the medicinal attributes of Lavender in the first century A.D. plants grown from seed are variable in growth habit, colour and essential oil composition. In a 1992 study on the micropropagation of Lavenders and Lavandins, a tissue culture protocol was established for the mass propagation of disease free plantlets from commercial hybrid stock plants. In New Crops. Cooperative Extension has offices in every county, Herb/Specialty Crops Connection: Matching Growers & Buyers, Medicinal Herbs and Non-Timber Forest Products, Herb/Specialty Crop Connection-to Help Connect NC Herb & Specialty Crops Growers With the Industry, NC Specialty Crops Program Research Reports, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Exploring Stevia for Western North Carolina, GAPs for Medicinal Herbs (Good Agricultural Practices), Investigations Into the Cause of Gold-Flecking on the Surface of Ripe Tomato Fruit, Medicinal Herb Research and Yield Estimates, Medicinal Plants With a Potential Niche Market for Propagators, 16. Lavender plant is originated in Mediterranean region. 1995. Botanical.com homepage 1995. www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/mgmh.html. A Modern Herbal (1931). ecosyst. Yale Medical Library. Lavender oil contains up to 40% linalyl acetate and 30% linalol. Another method of spacing is to plant 18 inches apart each way for the first year of growth, then to remove every other plant in the second year resulting in 36 inch spacing which produces optimal flower and essential oil yields. In a germination study of lavender seeds, the effects of gibberellic acid, light/dark regimes, and pre-freezing were studied. 663-666. El-Sherbeny, S., El-Saeid, H., Hussein, M. 1997. pp. Yield and quality of lavender in relation to foliar application of sulphur and phosphorus. Sturdivant, L. and Blakley, T. 1999. In China, Lavender is used in a cure-all medicinal oil called White Flower Oil. Frontier Natural Products Coop. Prepare the site by mixing compost or peat moss with the top four inches of soil and preparing a raised bed. Results of a comparative study of lavender varieties. Germination study of lavender seeds. Armillaria mellea ­ root rot Pruning lavender at least twice a year is an important way to ensure it stays bushy and healthy, so there’s no harm in taking the offcuts from routine pruning to create even more lovely lavender plants.. Few plants can match the all-around versatility of lavender. Avoid heavy organic mulches (sawdust, wood chips) as they can increase both fungal pathogens and insect problems. Set the new plant in a sunny location and water it when the soil is dry, an inch (3 cm.) Lavender varieties are susceptible to frost injury. 1997). XIV(6):27-29. Medicinal uses include treatment of headache, hysteria, nervous palpitations, hoarseness, palsy, toothaches, sore joints, apoplexy, colic, coughs, and rumbling digestive systems. Other historical uses include embalming corpses, curing animals of lice, taming lions and tigers, repelling mosquitoes, snuff flavoring, and as an ingredient in special lacquers and varnishes. Propagating lavender from cuttings is also fairly easy to do and you can use the same method for other plants like … A comparison of three French varieties of lavender for optimal essential oil concentrations showed that ‘Superb’ and ‘Abrial’ varieties had higher flower and essential oil yields per ha than the ‘Normal’ variety (Chingova et al. Softwood cuttings are plentiful in spring, and you can gather more of them without destroying the parent plant. Our high humidity and rainfall present the biggest challenges to lavender, so plant in an area where it will get good air flow, too. Grieve, M. Lavenders. You can also grow lavender … Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. ... Propagation of lavandins from seed is not usually recommended in order to produce plants true to type. Hardiest plants are English lavender (L. angustifolia), Lavandin (L. x intermedia) and spike lavender (L. spica, or L. latifolia). Update by Jeanine Davis, 2020: There is a renewed interest in growing lavender in North Carolina and many new, small lavender farms are now established across the state. Stick the lower end of the cutting about 2 inches into the soil and firm the soil so that the cutting stands up straight. The spikes are composed of whorls or rings of flowers, each composed of six to ten flowers; the lower whorls becoming more distant from each other. In vitro morphogenetic potential of various lavandin and lavender clones: Preliminary observations on the agronomic value of the vitroplants. Cultivars with gray foliage are quite susceptible to infection. Find the perfect commercial lavender production stock photo. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to propagate lavender from … Closer to home Thomas DeBaggio successfully propagates lavender from stem tip cuttings. Douglas, J. It was determined that the giberellic treatments, with or without pre-freezing, significantly increased the percentage of germination and accelerated overall germination rates (Aoyama, 1996). Lavender can be grown in backyards, pots/containers as well. Phytophthora nicotianae– root rot (Optional) Purchasing lavender seedlings or taking cuttings from existing plants is an easier way to grow lavender. Lavender species of commercial importance are native to the mountainous regions of the countries bordering the western half of the Mediterranean region of Europe. Lavender was used as an ingredient in smelling salts and was used to disinfect wounds during wartime. Lavender farming is really easy and it only requires ideal growing conditions and extra space. Commercial potting soils have plenty of nutrients to maintain the plants without supplemental feedings. Foster, S. 1993. The best yields of essential oil were observed following application of ammonium chloride (N source) at 44 lb/ acre (El-Sherbany et al. The machine was mounted on a trailer and the crop rows were protected by lateral bulkheads. Center-Home Page. Various cultural practices can effect the ester value of Lavender oil. Lavender Propagation Propagation by cuttings results in uniform plants, and is the most common commercial method. Septoria lavandulae -­ leaf spot Photo by Lorna Kring. Martini, A. What separates NC State University from other schools? G. Doyle’, which he calls dark supreme lavender, and ‘Susan Belsinger.’. It needs very well-drained soil, so do whatever you can to provide that and definitely build raised beds. Plants are harvested from the second through the fifth year at which time some growers replant. He nips the buds and removes all leaves from the bottom half of the cuttings. 51-57. SEEDS. Tissue cultured plantlets could therefore be a good source of disease-free plantlets for regeneration purposes (Chambdon, 1992). The common narrow-leafed variety grows 1-3 ft high with a short but irregular crooked, much-branched stem, covered with a yellowish-gray bark, which comes off in flakes and very numerous erect straight, broom-like, slender, bluntly quadrangular branches, finely pubescent with stellate hairs. English lavenders grow poorly in the hot, humid southeast, while lavandins can grow and thrive as far south as Florida. Tissue culture protocols are generally cost prohibitive to small-scale growers because of the specialized sterile laboratory equipment required. Create a hedge of this sweet smelling, pollinator loved plant on a budget. To grow this plant you must have a right climate similar to Mediterranean area. This manual from the University of Maine is a more in-depth … An Austrian study provided evidence of sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Keep rooting sections moist and expect transferable plants within 2 weeks to 2 months depending on environmental conditions (Oliver, 1996). Dr. Tucker reports a 95-100% success rate with this method. Learn how to grow lavender in your garden with the RHS expert guide on choosing, planting, feeding, pruning and propagating plants. Currently, the majority of lavender products are utilized for essential oil production and for their aromatic properties. Under these conditions root growth is achieved by 14 days. Slow growth rates should be expected in the first year (6-8 in). An important aspect of propagation for essential oil production is an understanding of the phytochemistry associated with the lavender varieties. “Lavender”. Spanish lavenders tolerate more acid soils than other lavenders but are not hardy and need to be treated as annuals and are generally grown as ornamentals. Lavender oil is soluble in all proportions of alcohol. Oliver, P. 1996. English lavender varieties prefer chalky soils, whereas the lavandin varieties require slightly more acidic soils.
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