Freeman mentioned, Not a knock on any other CPM steels, but so far this seems "cleaner", meaning that it gives a very uniform surface appearance across a large surface area. $329.95. SPY27 â 2050°F. S90V has a better edge retention but let's all be honest, edge retention for most of us is just numbers on a piece of paper. The replacement of vanadium and carbon with niobium and nitrogen produces an excellent combination of wear and corrosion resistance, edge retention, and toughness making this the ideal choice in the manufacture of knives. What it is: CPM S35VN is a "Crucible Particle Metallurgy" stainless steel, an improvement over CPM S30V, and is widely regarded as a "super steel" for its properties and performance. "Why Choose S45VN for knifemaking?In its annealed condition, CPM S45VN is a lot easier to grind than CPM S90V and simpler than CPM S30V. CPM-20CV. The new S45VN steel offers corrosion resistance like never before. Seems to be slightly worse at everything, from toughness, wear resistance, to edge retention and corrosion resistance. Along the same lines, CPM S45VN has slightly better edge retention in CATRA test results(all % numbers relative to AISI 440C steel) when compared to CPM S35VN steel, 143% vs⦠So I think that 20CV would probably be the best choice for Spyderco to use if production costs were competitive with S30V or S45VN. S35VN, which is the mainstream steel, contains lower components of niobium and lacks nitrogen, which is added to S45VN to increase toughness. Top. That conversation led to Dick, along with Ed Severson, conducting interviews with many knifemakers and knife companies about the properties they desired in a knife steel. Made by @Crucible CPM 20CV is a martensitic stainless steel high in Vanadium, Chromium, and Carbon for excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, itâs used for plastic injection feed screws, barrel liners, screw tips, mold cavities, and premium Knives.. According to the chemical composition and the HRC of the steel, the CPM s90v Steel has the following features: CPM s90v Edge Retention: With a high presence of vanadium and carbon, s90v steel offers extreme edge retention (might be the best in the steel). S45VN is specifically designed to enhance their S30V and S35VN series for general high-end cutlery and cutting tools. The toughness measured was good, though could possibly be improved through more optimized heat treatments than what I used. It gives a nice sharp bright and mirror-polished finish on the edge. https://www.patreon.com/Knifesteelnerds, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window). The higher content means an increase in corrosion resistance. Yojimbo⢠2 Carbon Fiber CPM 20CV Exclusive. SUMMARY: CPM 345VN steel is a high alloy stainless steel with outstanding edge retention, increased corrosion resistance, and modest toughness. CPM S35VN hasn't been around all that long -- it originated in 2009 as Crucible Industries' attempt to improve on their previous top steel, CPM S30V. S30V, S35VN, and now S45VN. You can read more about what nitrogen additions do in this article on nitrogen additions as well as this article on S45VN. S30V also needed to be easily heat treated with common knife heat treating equipment which was why Paul Bos was consulted. [5] Pinnow, Kenneth, William Stasko, and John Hauser. Honestly, I doubt the average user will be able to tell the diff. S30V is a knife steel produced by Crucible, released at the end of 2001 [1]. With my own CATRA experiments the relative position of S30V is approximately the same, but I will be talking about those experiments in a future article. Therefore, having only vanadium carbides means a better wear resistance-toughness balance. This is why 3% vanadium 3V has much better toughness and grindability than the 10% vanadium 10V, though at the cost of wear resistance. By Larry Connelley When looking at quality American-made knives, you'll notice that S35VN and S30V steel are two of the more popular steels for knife blades. As for edge finishing, I have been going with a 100 grit, then a 220 grit, then a 400 grit at 17 degrees per side, then a buffing wheel with green chrome to finish. S60V was released in the early 1980’s [4], perhaps the earliest PM stainless tool steel. And molybdenum and nitrogen additions were used to balance the corrosion resistance along with edge retention and toughness. From an experiment where the two steels were subjected to heat 1950 °F, the results after 24 and 48 hours respectively showed that S45VN was better to withstand corrosion resistance as compared to S35VN. 38. Toughness is better than CPM S30V, but slightly less than CPM ⦠Modifications of S30V led to the development of the also popular S35VN, and the more recent S45VN. Freeman also said that I think the main advantage of S45VN is the increased corrosion resistance. With poor grindability and little stain resistance it has never been used much outside of individual custom knives. It is a bit below steels like ZDP-189, S90V, and 20CV/M390. And the exact same programming. Vanadium carbides are classified as the hardest carbides, hence the incorporation of V in the name of the metals. Another change to S30V is that an intentional nitrogen addition was made of about 0.2%, which was made to improve corrosion resistance but also means improved hardening when heat treating. I am liking S30V more that 154CM, VG-10, and D2 because when I go to lower angles when sharpening I don’t get the micro-chipping with S30V. S30V also has a nitrogen addition [3], a point not often recognized since the nitrogen is not listed in the ⦠"A further modification was made with the S35VN, niobium increased carbides that contribute to the refinement of the grain size and increase wear resistance. I really would like to try out SPY-27, that looks like an interesting steel also. Design of S45VN Steel â Nitrogen. Carbides are hard particles in steel that add to wear resistance but detract from toughness. Molybdenum additions improve “hardenability” so that slower air quenches can be used, so the 2% Mo helped in that regard. S30V continues to be the benchmark other stainless knife steels are compared to. Some furnaces are limited to relatively low temperatures, and at the time of the release of S30V, there were many knifemakers with Paragon brand furnaces with a maximum temperature of 2000°F. See this article to learn about corrosion resistance. Winkler Highland Hatchet - Curly Oak Tomahawk, Chris Reeve Large Sebenza 21 Tanto - Micarta Inlay Folding Knife, Kurt Merriken Custom 3" Phantom San Mai Damascus, Brian Tighe - Tighe Down Integral - RWL34 & Carbon Fiber Inlay, Hinderer Extreme Duty Pen Copper - EDP Tactical Pen, Tuff Writer Precision Press Flamed Titanium Tactical Pen, Download the Crudible CPM S45VN Steel Datasheet. Hey guys.. do you have a list of blade steels in order of edge retainability.. I would argue that S30V is better for every practical need. S35VN â 1975°F. 154CM was designed for bearings, and was essentially a modification of 440C by reducing the chromium (Cr) by ~3% and adding 4% molybdenum (Mo). The resulting steel is expected to have similar hardness and corrosion resistance to S30V and S35VN. And of course, this varies along the edge from machined peak to valley. Yojimbo⢠2 Natural G-10 CPM M4 Exclusive. “Corrosion resistant, high vanadium, powder metallurgy tool steel articles with improved metal to metal wear resistance and a method for producing the same.” U.S. Patent 5,679,908, issued October 21, 1997. However, in testing of that steel Chris Reeve Knives wanted more wear resistance to better differentiate from BG42, leading to an increase in vanadium up to the final 4%. Be first to receive news about sales, coupons & new promotions. The resulting edge retention is better than steels like Elmax, S35VN, CPM-154, and BG42, though a bit worse than S90V and M390. Nitrogen was added in place of carbon and niobium increased in place of vanadium to improve corrosion resistance present in S35NV.Edge Retention If it costs the same as S30V/S35VN I could see a use for it, if its 10-20% more expensive, than we're in the price range of 20CV/M390. 2% Total votes: 131 View results. Crucible developed several powder metallurgy steels including 10V, S60V (formerly 440V) and S90V (formerly 420V), but none of them really gained wide use in knives. $104.95. ATS34 might need to be touched up a bit more often, but S30V will be a little harder to sharpen. Cara Cara ⦠Crucible's goal was to create an even tougher steel that didn't sacrifice resistance to corrosion, and they did that by using niobium carbides in place of some of S30V's vanadium ⦠However, its corrosion resistance was not the very best hence the advancement to S35VN. I've seen it in processing and in the finished product. The carbide structure of S30V was finer than the common 154CM (BG42 is similar) because of powder metallurgy. Which makes it probably not the best "slicer" with .156" stock and a 5-degree bevel, but it sure makes a good and tough utility edge that maintains sharpness in use across a wide variety of cutting media.S45VN steel seems to provide a good canvas to for surface finishes. We now have initial edge retention results from 32 steels on Patreon, so if you want an early look at that come join us on Patreon. It's about the same edge retention as S30V but with better toughness and corrosion resistance. Crucible started with 154CM as their basis, replacing 2% Mo with 2% vanadium. The chemistry has been rebalanced to improve corrison resistance, wear resistance and edge retention. The toughness of S30V is similar to other stainless steels in its class according to my own toughness experiments, though not record-setting, as seen in our standard toughness test utilizing unnotched 1/4 size charpy specimens: However, I think the toughness of S30V could be further improved with better heat treating, if we use what we learned with heat treating S35VN, S45VN, and SPY27. You can read more about how powder metallurgy works and its history in this article. $269.95. With this in mind, the chemical composition used in the manufacture of S35VN was rebalanced with the addition of chromium for an improvement in corrosion resistance coming up with a new product: S45VN. In 1970, Crucible Industries pioneered in the production of powder metallurgy tool steels. Corrosion resistance is “above average” and has been sufficient for many knives that have been released over the almost 20 years S30V has been available. I feel the best way is to compare it to CPM M4 which is a steel we are all familiar with and gets compared often to Hap40/Rex 45 First testing is sharpening to a high sharpeness freehand on benchstones and comparing small differences in the edge quality and other characteristics. The CPM process used enhances the production standardized, high-quality steel with superior dimensional solidity, toughness, and machinability.Comparison Between S45VN and S35VN, Composition Below shows the results of CATRA experiments reported by others that I have shown in other articles. Exhibiting very good edge retention, corrosion resistance, and sharpenability, S30V is utilized by a variety of makers for its ⦠Notify me of follow-up comments by email. (Which is still considered an excellent blade material.) Will work and grind like D2 and give the hardness and toughness of CPM S30V. And thanks to Dick Barber for talking to me about the development of S30V. S30V â 2000°F. CPM s90v Corrosion Resistance: Great Corrosion Resistance due to ⦠With increased carbon content and less vanadium, S45VN holds an edge longer as compared to its predecessors. Niobium carbides are also hard hence used in place of vanadium to form higher wear resistance. CPM-S30V. Metallurgy and Testing of Knives and Steel. S90V, patent filed in 1995 [5], managed to improve on wear resistance, toughness, and corrosion resistance of S60V but its high wear resistance, and therefore poor grindability, means that it has never been a mainstream knife steel. UK Penknife⢠Red G-10 CPM S30V Exclusive. 5 out of 5 stars (1) 1 product ratings - Spyderco Jerry Brouwer CPM-S30V Green G-10 (Newest CQI Version) C232GTIP. While various manufacturers have already put out the S45VN knife in the markets, it is bound to be more resistant to corrosion and wear as well have tough on edge retention. The increase in Mo from 1% in S90V up to 2% in S30V provided an increase in corrosion resistance with the relatively low 14% Cr. S45VN ⦠The lead development metallurgist was Dick Barber who used the history of stainless steels developed by Crucible to inform the designs that were tried, including important details like the amount of chromium used, how much vanadium to achieve the right balance of properties. Re: S35VN vs. S30V Post by glbpro » Sat May 23, 2015 1:17 pm I recently purchased a native 5 lightweight to try out both the native as well as the CPM S35VN, a steel which I had no previous experience with. S60V, however, was essentially 440C but with 5.5% vanadium added and enough carbon to maintain similar hardness potential. Below is a table summarizing the resulting properties including the amount of chromium carbide (M7C3), vanadium carbide (MC), measured toughness (higher is better) wear resistance in a crossed-cylinder wear test (higher is better), and corrosion measured in a 10% boiling acetic acid solution (lower is better): So with all of those lessons learned, it was known that a lower chromium content would allow vanadium to go further in terms of its contribution to wear resistance. Eventually though, CRK introduced S30V steel, which Chris was directly involved ⦠It also has better toughness than S30V, S45VN, and Elmax. Advantages: Toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance. Nitrogen can increase hardness and corrosion resistance in stainless steels, read more here. On future batches, I will try and up the speeds and feeds and possibly depths of cut to see if I can decrease cycle times and maintain cutting tool life and dimensional precision/repeatability. S45VN D2 440C 154CM S30V S35VN S90V s Corrosion Resistance Toughness Wear Resistance Grade CPM S45VN 11.0 ft. lbs. I have shown the 2050°F specimen below, along with comparisons with S30V, S35VN, and S45VN where you can see that SPY27 has somewhat less carbide than the others. As shown in the datasheet, S30V can reach at least 64 Rc when using cold treatments, and can easily be tempered down to the 58-61 Rc range common for many knives. Chromium and vanadium both compete to form carbides. I run the pre-sharpened edge thickness a bit higher than most at around .040". Personally, excitement over the release of S30V in 2001 was part of what led me to become a metallurgist and to eventually research and write for this website. a mix) of carbon and iron that is often enriched with other elements to ⦠Knifemaker Jeff Freeman of Freeman Outdoor Gear remarked, Edge retention appears to be very similar or maybe just slightly better than S30V and S35VN. Carbides refer to the hard particles present in steel that enhance the blade to retain its edge. S60V was the first CPM steel produced by the company through the modification of common stainless grade 440C steel by increasing the composition of vanadium with a corresponding increase of carbon elements.CPM technology was used in the manufacture of homogeneous steel through the even distribution of carbides in the blade. If youâre also a steel nerd like myself, you know the advantages and disadvantages of S30V, which has long been an industry standard and still continues to be. S35VN, which was introduced in 2009 uses the modified formula of S30V, which is made with 1.45% carbon, 4% vanadium, and 10.5% chromium carbide with the addition of niobium to the vanadium and chromium carbide forming elements. Steel is essentially an alloy (i.e. [2] Haswell, Walter T., and August Kasak. S30V gained wide usage in a relatively short period of time. 29% CPM-154. According to the specs, toughness is slightly decreased, CPM S45VN has 11lbs on C notch, vs. 12lbs on CPM S35VN steel, but better than 10lbs on earlier CPM S30V steel. 7. This was also confirmed in my own corrosion resistance testing, where a higher rating below means better resistance to corrosion. So what they did in the development of S90V was reduce the chromium content by 3% and add a corresponding amount of vanadium while maintaining a similar carbon content. They interviewed people like Sal Glesser, Ernie Emersion, Tony Marfione, Phil Wilson, Bill Harsey, Mike Jones, Steve Ingrim, Tom Mayo, Jerry Hossom and Paul Bos [7]. Perhaps the toughness could be improved to 7-8 ft-lbs at 1-2 Rc higher hardness if using 2025-2050°F and 400°F: The corrosion resistance of S30V and the similar S35VN have been found to be better than CPM-154, in a range I would call “above average.” The corrosion resistance has been improved somewhat with the new S45VN, but S30V is good enough for many knives. It's a rare occurrence that we need that level of ⦠S45VN uses a similar chemical formula but with a rebalance of the percentage compositions of the elements. Powder metallurgy allowed higher alloy steels and finer microstructures because of the rapid solidification process. "Uses of S45VN steelThe most common and tested used of S45VN steel in the manufacture of blade knives for hunting, diving, combat, and kitchen use. in these two. Crucible also famously developed powder metallurgy steels which started commercial-scale production in 1970. I wonât say equivalent but close, CPM 154 is close to the S30V in the balance between hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and toughness, but still the S30V is better in edge retention and corrosion resistance, the second equivalent for our CPM154 would be the 154 CM(since it was developed based on it), and of course CPM ⦠$237.95. ... Spyderco Para 3 Sprint Run-Diamond Arc Text Forest Green G-10-CPM-S45VN. The early versions of the steel were first tested by Chris Reeve Knives making that company very significant to what the final product became. While earlier generations of steel relied on Vanadium, replacing this element with niobium created harder particles that contribute to the wear resistance of steel. Another factor with ease in heat treating is how fast the steel must be quenched from high temperature and still achieve full hardness. It also has increased Carbon and a some Nitrogen added to allow for higher hardness than CPM S35VN. The steel looks somewhat similar to S35VN but with increased Nb and N, decreased C and V, and a 1.5% cobalt addition. According to the specs, toughness is slightly decreased, CPM S45VN has 11lbs on C notch, vs. 12lbs on S35vn steel, but better than 10lbs on earlier S30v steel. S30V quickly became a favorite for knife manufacturers in the 2000s. So even as S30V is replaced to some extent, it is often by steels that owe some of their design to the older S30V. Chris Reeve is famous for developing two steels directly with Crucible Industries, and boy did this partnership result in an awesome product. In late 2019, Crucible industries in collaboration with Niagra Speciality Metals debuted CPM S45VN. It sharpens easier and is cheaper while still having a pretty great edge retention. Spartan Blades, along with other tactical knife manufacturers, have embraced the high performance CPM steels for their knives. 3. Your email address will not be published. Along the same lines, CPM S45VN has slightly better edge retention in CATRA test results (all % numbers relative to AISA 440C steel ) when compared to S35VN steel , 143% vs⦠Molybdenum improves corrosion resistance, as mentioned earlier in connection with 154CM. Your vote has been cast. People were calling it, “the best knife steel ⦠The company has been producing steel with high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and toughness by adding vanadium and niobium when creating new products. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The corrosion resistance of S30V and the similar S35VN have been found to be better than CPM-154, in a range I would call âabove average.â The corrosion resistance has been improved somewhat with the new S45VN, but S30V is good enough for many knives. Add in the machined "grooves" on the bevels, and the edge thickness can be .050" prior to sharpening. In the development of S90V, the Cr was reduced relative to S60V, dropping from 17% to 14% similar to the modification of 440C to make 154CM. However, the Mo was not increased to compensate. The Cr was reduced for a different reason, however. Time will tell for sure, as I have not made more than a couple of hundred blades, but things are trending that way. M390 and CPM-154 both have higher than expected toughness which is very intriguing. 10V, developed in the 1970s [2][3], had very high wear resistance with good toughness but was not stainless. So to design a more balanced steel than S90V with improved toughness and grindability, a reduction in carbon and vanadium was necessary. Improving all of those properties at the same time is difficult but I’m sure it helped that S30V is produced by powder metallurgy. This difference can be felt when whittling and cutting fibrous materials like cardboard and ropes despite the lack of change in heat treatment, the S45VN has a hardness rating of 61-62 compared to 59-60 of the S35VN. Crucible has been a part of the knife steel industry for many decades, such as with steels like 154CM which was developed in the late 1950’s and gained popularity in knives through Bob Loveless in the early 1970s. 21 (1983): 53. Required fields are marked *. this article to learn about corrosion resistance, Toughness – improved because of a small reduction in carbide content along with using powder metallurgy for finer carbides, Edge retention – increased vanadium for hard vanadium carbides led to increased wear resistance and therefore slicing edge retention, Corrosion resistance – With the vanadium addition, less chromium carbide is formed in the S30V leading to improved corrosion resistance relative to BG42 and 154CM. Disadvantages: Relatively difficult to sharpen. The edge retention of S30V is still pretty good relative to other knife steels, better than steels like XHP, Elmax, 154CM, 440C, etc. The higher the chromium content, the less vanadium carbide is formed for a given vanadium content, and more and more chromium carbide is formed. Thanks to Atlas Knife & Tool and Mervin Thomson for become Knife Steel Nerds Patreon supporters! "Corrosion Resistance Chris said that if Crucible made something better they would buy it. Steels have varying levels of difficulty working the steel, can require specialized tools and exacting heat treatment.S45VN fits the bill for high-end knifemakers that require excellent edge retention and corrosion resistance that is relatively easy to work. 5. vivi Member ⦠A cryo treatment may be added between tempers. I also get good corrosion resistance. S60V was the first CPM steel produced by the company through the modification of common stainless grade 440C steel by increasing the composition of vanadium with a corresponding increase of carbon elements.Knifemaker Jeff Freeman of Freeman Outdoor Gear mentioned that, "I think CPM S45VN is a good improvement, both for the maker and the end-user. It was also somewhat finer than the previously available S60V and S90V. [4] Chilton’s iron age 226, no. Spyderco Jerry Brouwer CPM-S30V Green G-10 (Newest CQI Version) C232GTIP. Become a patron and gain access to awesome rewards including early access to articles or a Knife Steel Nerds mug! The goal was to design a steel which was superior to BG42 in terms of toughness, edge retention, and corrosion resistance. It's good stuff and I have, make and use S30V blades and haven't had big problems with chipping, but I don't chop cinder blocks either. In choosing the best pocket knife you should pay particular attention to the type of steel used in the blade. But it does appear that I'm getting a little bit better life out of my cutting tools. Good heat treating response was achieved allowing heat treatment to be performed in a range of different furnaces.
cpm s45vn vs s30v
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