Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Wu TL, 2001. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, 6(Special Issue 1):22-96. Report to the Kingdom of Tonga on invasive plant species of environmental concern. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Thunbergia Grandiflora. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. The genus Thunbergia is named after the Swedish botanist and explorer, Carl Peter Thunberg (1743-1822). Zuloaga FO, Morrone O, Belgrano MJ, Marticorena C, Marchesi E, 2008. Plants of the Eastern Caribbean., Barbados: University of the West Indies. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Noumea, New Caledonia: South Pacific Commission. Stems cylindrical, striate, slender, puberulous. Catalog of Guatemalan Acanthaceae: taxonomy, ecology, and conservation. Thunbergia grandiflora can be used as a medicinal plant, a green manure, for poles, hedges and for fuelwood. var. ovate) or somewhat elongated (i.e. Common names tumbergia-branca in Portuguese vit thunbergia in Swedish wan hua cao in language. Report to the Kingdom of Tonga on invasive plant species of environmental concern., Hawaii, USA: USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. the Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Hawaii, Niue, Western Samoa, Vanuata and Tonga). Nama umumnya dalam bahasa Inggris, di antaranya: Bengal clockvine, Bengal trumpet, blue skyflower, blue thunbergia, blue trumpetvine, clockvine, skyflower and skyvine. [English title not available]. http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, CABI, Undated. There are no pictures available for this datasheet, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 2011, Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014), Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (2011), Debris and waste associated with human activities, http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/list, http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-490a-8d04-0605030c0f01/media/Html/Index.htm, http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf, http://www.hear.org/pier/pdf/niue_report_20041217.pdf, http://www.hear.org/pier/pdf/pohreports/thunbergia_fragrans.pdf, http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-490a-8d04-0605030c0f01/media/Html/Thunbergia_fragrans.htm, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, Atlántida, Comayugua, Cortes, El Paraiso, F. Morazan, Yoro , La Paz, Chiapas, Hidalgo, Morelos, Oaxaca, Pueblas, St Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan, Original citation: Idarraga-Piedrahita et al. Flora of the Solomon Islands. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, revised edition. Report to the Government of Niue and the United Nations Development Programme: Invasive Plant Species on Niue following Cyclone Heta., 76 pp. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 51:483 pp. T. fragrans is an herbaceous fast-growing vine widely cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, but it is also a common weed in moist disturbed areas, in particular along roadsides (Starr et al., 2003; Randall, 2012). Flora of China. These three species can be distinguished by the following vegetative and reproductive characters (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011): Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Space JC; Flynn T, 2002. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm. Diversity and Distributions. 79 pp. New catalogue of the vascular flora of Venezuela. Oviedo Prieto R; Herrera Oliver P; Caluff MG, et al. T. fragrans is native to India, Southeastern Asia and Malesia (Daniel, 2010; USDA-ARS, 2014). Diversity and Distributions, 10(2):113-123. Adams C D, 1972. Portland, Oregon, USA: Timber Press. Micronesica Supplement, 6:61-65. In: Global Environmental Research, 8 (2) 171-191. It has been widely cultivated as an ornamental and now it is cultivated and naturalized in North, Central and South America, the Caribbean and on many islands in the Indian and Pacific Ocean (see distribution table for details; Daniel, 1995, 2001, 2005; Meyer and Lavergne, 2004; Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011; PIER, 2014; USDA-NRCS, 2014). T. fragrans is relatively similar to Thunbergia grandiflora, Thunbergia laurifolia and Thunbergia alata. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs; pedicels pubescent, 5-7 cm long, striate; bracts green, membranaceous, ovate, pubescent, 1.6-2 cm long, covering the calyx. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. It is most commonly found on roadsides, but can spread into forests and scrub. Thunbergia is a genus of flowering plants native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia.. Its members are known by various names, including Thunbergias and Clockvine. In Hawaii, T. fragrans was first collected on Kaua'i in 1916 (Wagner et al. its distinctive fruit capsule is topped with a long, thick, beak. Baton Rouge, USA: National Plant Data Center. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. Swarbrick JT, 1997. Smith A C, 1981. Catalogue of vascular plants of Panama (Catalogo de Plantas Vasculares de Panama. An excellent book, giving information on over 200 plants, their medicinal compounds and applications. its white tubular flowers (about 5 cm across) are subtended by two leafy bracts (13-15 mm long). One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Space JC; Waterhouse BM; Newfield M; Bull C, 2004. Flower white. This species has recently been recorded at several locations in the coastal districts of eastern Queensland. Leaves opposite, more or less triangular. Kew Bulletin, 55:513-589. In Jamaica and Puerto Rico, this species has been recorded flowering and fruiting throughout the year (Adams, 1972; Acevedo-Rodríguez, 2005). India Biodiversity, 2014. Galapagos, Ecuador: Charles Darwin Foundation, unpaginated. The mobile application of Environmental Weeds of Australia is available from the Google Play Store and Apple iTunes. 1192 pp. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk., Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. Meyer J Y, Lavergne C, 2004. The purple flowers have a yellow throat and grow to 1 1/4 inches long and may appear Variation in the shape, size, pubescence, and margin form of the leaves is extensive in T. fragrans, and taxa have been recognized based on these characters (Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2014). to ensure you have the latest version of this fact sheet. It is a slender vine that resembles T. alata in size and growth habit. riparian areas), urban bushland, disturbed sites, roadsides and plantation crops in tropical and sub-tropical regions. peduncles) emanating from the leaf forks (i.e. Want to re-post this article? > 0°C, dry summers, Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. Invasive weedy angiosperms in Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. Flora of the Solomon Islands. http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-490a-8d04-0605030c0f01/media/Html/Index.htm, Randall RP, 2012. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2014. PIER, 2014. In Australia, T. fragrans is considered a species of “recent introduction” and by the year 2011 this species had been recorded at several locations in the coastal districts of eastern Queensland (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011). Common name(s) White Thunbergia, Fragrant Thunbergia (CLASS 1) Flower colour; life form. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. In the West Indies, this species grows as a weed in disturbed areas and along forest edges (Adams, 1972; Broome et al., 2007; Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012). Caracas, Venezuela: Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, 860 pp. characteristic features. In most cases, this species has been intentionally introduced as an ornamental and it has escaped from cultivation and naturalized in both relatively unaltered and disturbed forests, riversides, roadsides and urban bushland (Starr et al., 2003; Meyer and Lavergne, 2004; Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011). Zuloaga FO; Morrone O; Belgrano MJ; Marticorena C; Marchesi E, 2008. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). It is native to India and Southern Asia but widespread in the tropics including Florida Hawaii, Australia, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Caribbean and Indian Ocean islands, southern Africa and Central America. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. 1999). 115-137. corolla lobes). It is most often grown on trellises and fences, hanging baskets, and as a ground cover in gardens (Wagner et al., 1999; Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011; PIER, 2014; USDA-ARS, 2014). Funk V; Hollowell T; Berry P; Kelloff C; Alexander SN, 2007. http://plants.usda.gov/. Hokche O; Berry PE; Huber O, 2008. T. fragrans is an herbaceous vine, twining, 2-3 m in length. Diversity and Distributions. It is a fast-growing perennial herbaceous climber. Thunbergia fragrans (Chimine) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8508.jpg 481 × 600; 136 KB Thunbergia fragrans 01.JPG 3,076 × 1,924; 1.11 MB Thunbergia fragrans 02.JPG 3,648 × 2,600; 1.74 MB Seeds for sale starting at € 5.40. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 85:1-246. English name(s): White Thunbergia, Thunbergia White gem Description: Climber, scabrous. Thunbergia fragrans is a perennial vine, with green, oblong leaves and white flowers, similar in shape to Thunbergia gregorii. Thunbergia grandiflora adalah tanaman merambat hijau abadi dari famili Acanthaceae. A low-growing, slender-stemmed, spreading creeper or climbing vine. Flora Vitiensis Nova: A new flora of Fiji. lanceolate) in shape. In addition, seeds are available from nurseries on the internet. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Flora of China., St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Idárraga-Piedrahita A; Ortiz RDC; Callejas Posada R; Merello M, 2011. Weeds of the Pacific Islands. A potential weed of closed forests, forest margins, watercourses (i.e. quadrangular) and somewhat hairy (i.e. In: 4. In Australia, flowering occurs throughout the year, but is most abundant during summer and autumn (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011). Hawaii, USA: USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 80 pp. http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/list, Josekutty PC; Wakuk EE; Joseph MJ, 2002. Considering that T. fragrans spreads sexually by seeds and vegetatively by cuttings, stem fragments, and roots, the likelihood of invading and colonizing new habitats remains high. The subfamily Thunbergioideae comprise five genera, the largest of which, Thunbergia, contains about 100 species restricted to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, Asia, and Australia (McDade et al., 2000; Borg et al., 2008). ... in their chemical structure may be responsible for their biological activities and hence justifies their nutritive and medicinal uses Myanmar, Cambodia and Vietnam) and China. These species can be distinguished by the following differences: Fact sheets are available from Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) service centres and our Customer Service Centre (telephone 13 25 23). Hokche O, Berry PE, Huber O, 2008. Report to the Government of Samoa on invasive plant species of environmental concern. According to Brickell and Zuk (1997), Thunbergia species are susceptible to spider mites, whiteflies, and scale insects. It is commonly grown as an ornamental, being valued especially for its large, violet or white flowers[ Data source for updated system data added to species habitat list. This shrub has small, ovate leaves with entire margins borne opposite on thin, brown stems. Catalog of Honduran Acanthaceae with taxonomic and phytogeographic notes. The family Acanthaceae includes about 221 genera and 4000 species widespread in both New and Old World Tropics (Scotland and Vollesen, 2000; Stevens, 2012). a vine or creeper with slender four-angled stems that are somewhat hairy when young. Josekutty PC, Wakuk EE, Joseph MJ, 2002. along with discussion & documentation of Indian Flora. In Fiji, T. fragrans grows in thickets, along roadsides, and in coconut plantations near sea level (Smith, 1981). 1-158. var. T. fragrans grows climbing on other vegetation, and forming a dense blanket. Whistler WA, 2000. The genus Thunbergia includes about 90 species of ... 2012). Hancock IR; Henderson CP, 1988. unpaginated. Capsules 1-2.5 cm long, depressed-globose at the base, the upper half in the form of a beak, dehiscent in two halves; seeds 4, globose, approximately 5 mm in diameter, pubescent, with a depression at the base (Acevedo-Rodríguez, 2005). Tropical ornamentals. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/. These stems bear pairs of oppositely arranged leaves that have stalks (i.e. (Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay)). 80 pp. 10 (5/6), 333-347. petioles) about 4 cm long. Report to the Government of Niue and the United Nations Development Programme: Invasive Plant Species on Niue following Cyclone Heta. vestita Nees. ACANTHACEAE whitelady. Its pure white flowers distinguish it, however. ect. The Plant List includes a further 9 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Thunbergia.We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm. Thunbergia erecta1 Edward F. Gilman2 Introduction Thunbergia erecta is a vigorous, woody shrub from Tropical Africa that grows to about 6-feet-tall and wide (Fig. In: Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos, Galapagos, Ecuador: Charles Darwin Foundation. , 2012. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares, vol. climbing habit (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), white flower with five spreading petal lobes (Photo: Chris Gardiner), tubular flower from side-on with a pair of leafy bracts at the base (Photo: Sheldon Navie), close-up of flower (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), immature fruit with a round base and elongated beak (Photo: Sheldon Navie), close-up of immature fruit with small persistent sepals (Photo: Sheldon Navie), close-up of seeds (Photo: Tracey Slotta at USDA PLANTS Database), angel wings, angelwings, fragrant thunbergia, sweet clock vine, sweet clock-vine, sweet clockvine, thunbergia, white clockvine, white lady, white thunbergia, whitelady. Smith AC, 1981. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba. its oppositely arranged leaves (4-10 cm long and 3-5 cm wide) have arrow-shaped bases and slightly lobed to almost entire margins. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species., Singapore, Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. Listado de las Plantas Vasculares del Departamento de Antioquia:939 pp. [Proceedings of the California Academy of Science], 61 289-377. Visit our guidelines.Traditional uses of medicinal plants by native people in Nawarangpur district, Odisha, India Reference(s) Traditional uses of medicinal plants by native people in Nawarangpur district, Odisha, India by N. Welcome to the India Biodiversity Portal - A repository of information designed to harness and disseminate collective intelligence on the biodiversity of the Indian subcontinent. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Mito T; Uesugi T, 2004. Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2014. 55, 584 pp. sub-entire). Research Bulletin No. Hawaii, USA: USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 79 pp. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb belong to the family Acanthaceae. by Breedlove DE]. (Flora de Antioquia.) Flora Chiapas, [ed. Common name: Bengal trumpet vine, Bengal clock vine, Sky vine, and Sky flower Height: About 15 meter Plant type: Perennial climbing plant Root system Tuberous Borg AJ; McDade LA; Schönenberger J, 2008. DOI:10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00094.x. 51-108. It grows and flowers well in part shade in any reasonably moist soil. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. Daniel T F, 2001. laevis (Nees) Clarke in Hook. It is regarded as a potentially significant environmental weed in Queensland (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011). Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 61:289-377. The slender, green or reddish coloured stems are square in cross-section (i.e. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Villaseñor J L, Espinosa-Garcia F J, 2004. 1), 22-96. pubescent) when young. Charles Darwin Foundation, 2008. [Invasive species and their management.]. India 4: 391. Online Portal of India Biodiversity. Native to the Indian Sub-continent (i.e. Check our website at www.biosecurity.qld.gov.au Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. The alien flowering plants of Mexico. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Bulletin 1 (revised):384 pp. While every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of this information, DEEDI does not invite reliance upon it, nor accept responsibility for any loss or damage caused by actions based on it. In: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Bulletin, 1 384. Report to the Government of Samoa on invasive plant species of environmental concern., Hawaii, USA: USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Scotland RW; Vollesen K, 2000. quadrangular) and somewhat hairy (i.e. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species., Singapore: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, 273 pp. Thunbergia fragrans C.Presl Thunbergia fragrans Wall. Copyright © 2016. Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. Compendium record. Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Western Australia: Prohibited - on the prohibited species list and not permitted entry into the state. List of various diseases cured by Thunbergia Grandiflora. Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong M T, 2012. In Hawaii, T. fragrans is a common weed in moist disturbed lowland areas (Wagner et al., 1999). India Biodiversity, 2014. Taxon, 57(3):811-822. Diversity and Distributions, 10(5/6):333-347. It is a fast-growing vine which has been intentionally introduced as an ornamental in many tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions where it has escaped and naturalized becoming a serious threat for native plant communities (Starr et al., 2003; Meyer and Lavergne, 2004). Brickell C; Zuk JD, 1997. Online database. By 1900, I. Systematic Botany, 25:106-121. Stem and leaves . The slender, green or reddish coloured stems are square in cross-section (i.e. Kauai, Hawaii, USA: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela (New catalogue of the vascular flora of Venezuela). In: Micronesica Supplement, 6 61-65. Flora of Antioquia. Correa A, Galdames MDC, Stapf MNS, 2004. Beautés fatales: Acanthaceae species as invasive alien plants on tropical Indo-Pacific islands. fragrans, Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb., Thunbergia hossei Clarke, Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl., Thunbergia similis Craib, Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Balick MJ; Nee M; Atha DE, 2000. This species reproduces by seeds and also vegetatively via fragments of stems and roots. The stems can be 1 - 5 metres long, they scramble over the ground or twine into the surrounding vegetation for support PROTA4U web database. Daniel TF, 1995. Florida), the Caribbean (e.g. 848 pp. Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka), south-eastern Asia (i.e. Species in the genus Thunbergia have bisexual, zygomorphic, axillary, and usually solitary flowers (Acevedo-Rodríguez, 2005). 818 pp. Duration: Perennial Growth Habit: Vine Hawaii Native Status: Introduced. Each flower is subtended by two leafy bracts (13-15 mm long) that are either egg-shaped in outline (i.e. In Australia, T. fragrans grows as a weed in riverbanks (i.e., riparian vegetation), closed forests, forest margins, plantation crops, roadsides, urban bushland, disturbed sites and waste areas in tropical and subtropical habitats (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011). In: Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 85 1-246. Acanthaceae. (Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela)., Caracas, Venezuela: Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. by Breedlove, D. E.]. T. fragrans is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds where is listed as an “environmental weed,” and it is also listed as invasive in Australia, Japan, Singapore, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hawaii and French Polynesia among others (Meyer and Lavergne, 2004; Mito and Uesugi, 2004; Chong et al., 2009; Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011; Oviedo-Prieto et al., 2012; PIER, 2014). Thunbergia fragrans . Global Environmental Research, 8(2):171-191. Lo) H.P. The generic name honors Carl Peter Thunberg. Grubben GJH, Denton OA, eds. these flowers have a narrow tube and have five broad petal lobes. USDA-ARS, 2014. PIER, 2014. Thunbergia fragrans. Cui, Highly adaptable to different environments, Tolerates, or benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc, Benefits from human association (i.e. http://www.hear.org/pier/pdf/niue_report_20041217.pdf, Starr F; Starr K; Loope LL, 2003. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and new regulations for prevention of their adverse effects. In: Research Bulletin - Dodo Creek Research Station, Honiara, Solomon Islands: ii + 203 pp. Space JC, Flynn T, 2002. In: Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only). 6 (Special Issue No. leaf and mature fruit (Photo: Land Protection, QDNRW) almost entire leaves (Photo: Sheldon Navie)